Human Sexuality Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Sexuality Book Review - Essay Example s up the interesting possibility that other cultures may consider Western sexuality to be odd or abnormal, in much the same way as earlier writers on sexuality have tended to accept the Western model as normal, while sexual patterns in other cultures are viewed as strange and exotic. This book is very useful to a reader because it offers a more composite human framework of sexuality rather than a model dominated by Western thought patterns. The authors view sexuality as a primitive heritage which has evolved over the course of time, both physically and behaviorally, as a means to cope with the changes taking place in the immediate environment. The focus of this book is this on the elements that all human being share in common as one species rather than in highlighting and focusing upon the differences in sexual behavioral patterns and attitudes across different countries in the world. Such differences, even where they occur, are to be understood and appreciated and used as a means to enhance out understanding of ourselves as different yet related groups within the same species. 2. This book also goes into an indepth discussion of sexual behavior in human beings. It covers many of the important issues such as the anatomy of the male and female bodies, puberty and adolescence and the sexual changes that occur during this period, pregnancy and childbirth and as well as issues related to the nature of sexuality as it changes with ageing. The book also discussed sexual positions and how sexual foreplay and mating patterns have developed in the human race over the course of our evolution from primates. What is fresh and different about this book however is that it examines these issues from an anthropological perspective, where the cultural context is also taken into consideration rather than viewing sexual progression over the life cycle as being an isolated event. In describing the development of sexuality and especially the institution of marriage, the book

Financial Terms Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Financial Terms Worksheet Essay Understanding health care financial terms is a prerequisite for both academic and professional success. This assignment is intended to ensure you understand some of the basic terms used in this course. Complete the worksheet below according to the following guidelines: In the space provided, write each term’s definition as used in health care management. You must define the term in your own words. In the space provided after each term’s definition, summarize a health care management scenario that illustrates the importance of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool to which the term refers. In the scenario, you may wish to consider the following: Why the skill, concept, procedure, or tool is necessary for accurate record keeping, operational efficiency, excellent patient services, employee management, regulatory compliance, reducing costs, forecasting, and so forth Successes enabled by an adequate understanding or appropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool Risks or failures associated with an inadequate understanding or inappropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft ® Word document with your name in the file name. Submit the file to your instructor. Worksheet Submitted By: Keila Quintanila [Type your name here.] Term Definition Scenario Balance sheet A fiscal statement that summarizes a companys assets, liabilities, shareholders equity at a specific point in time and net worth. This statement will display if the organization is in good fiscal standing or not and if they can meet their long-term fiscal responsibilities. The director asked for the titles of the four financial statements that included in an audited financial report, which are the following: Balance Sheet statement, Income Statement, Statement of Cash Flows, Statement of Fund Balance or Net Worth or Equity statement. Statement of revenue and expense A statement summarizes amount of profit earned minus the amount of operating expense. The statement will indicate the difference as profit or loss. The health care manager purchased some medical equipment, in which he will enter in the statement of revenue and expense; the document will show the amount of profit earned and the minus amount of operating expenses. This will clearly shows the difference as profit or loss. Revenue cycle The revenue cycle starts with meeting of customers, following any transactions during the period of transactions and continues with a  company/customer association. The salesman has brought revenue into the company. Furthermore, the salesman describe that, the Revenue Cycle beings with meeting with customers, presenting the product and closing the sale during specific time; but more important is to have a continues business relationship with company and customers. Payer mix Medical practice: Medicaid, Medicare, indemnity insurance, managed care–of monies received by a medical practice Medical organizations predict third party payer mixes so that they can precisely predict their profits for the coming term. Revenue The amount of currency that a company essentially receives during a specific period, including discounts and deductions for returned products. It is the top line or gross income figure from which costs are subtracted to define net income. The medical organization, revenue is the money received from insurance companies, payer mix that brings in from the rendered services. The medical organization usually calculates and report revenue for a quarter or a year. References Baker, J. J., Baker, R. W. (2011). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers.

Solvent Effect on the Interaction of C20 and N2H2

Solvent Effect on the Interaction of C20 and N2H2 Solvent effect on the interaction of C20 and N2H2: A theoretical study Reza Ghiasi*,1, Hanieh Alavi2 Abstract: In this work, the interaction of C20 and N2H2 fragment was investigated in the M062X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory in both gas and solution phases. The influence of solvent on the interaction energy, structural parameters, frontier orbital energies and hyperpolarizability of C20†¦N2H2 complex has been explored. The interaction energies obtained with standard method were corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) during the geometry optimization for all complexes at the same levels of theory. The thermodynamic properties of the C20†¦N2H2 molecule at vacuum phase and different solvents have been calculated. Keywords: C20 cage, C20†¦N2H2 molecules, Frontier orbitals, solvent effect, hyperpolarizability. Introduction C20 molecule is potentially the smallest fullerene, and its structure has been investigated theoretically and experimentally [1-6]. This molecules has been generated and characterized in the gas phase [7]. Owing to its attractive structure, this ambiguous molecule has been the subject of many theoretical investigations [8, 9]. Fullerenes are considered as promising candidates for basic elements in nanoscale devices, and several examples of fullerene-based devices have been already investigated both experimentally and theoretically [10, 11]. Modification of C20 is a matter of general interest for experimentalists as well theoreticians to look into the structural as well as electronic properties. As a recent research, for instant, structure and properties of fullerene C20 and its derivatives C20(C2H2)n and C20(C2H4)n (n=1–4) have been studied [12]. These calculations showed that the most stable fullerene C20 and its derivatives C20(C2H2)n and C20(C2H4)n (n=1–3) reveal sig nificant aromaticity, while C20(C2H2)4 and C20(C2H4)4 have no spherical aromaticity. Also, heteroatom impacts on structure, stability and aromaticity of XnC20-n fullerenes have been explored [13]. The interaction of C20 with N2X2 (X=H, F, Cl, Br, Me) have been investigated theoretically [14]. Structure, aromaticity, frontier orbital analysis and the natural bond analysis of C20†¦N2X2 complexes have been explored, and the influence of the basis set and methods on the structure and interaction energies of these complexes have been explored. In the present work, extensive theoretical calculations on fullerene C20 and their interactions with N2H2 have been performed in both gas and solution phases. The Structure, frontier orbital analysis and hyperpolarizability of the C20†¦N2H2 have been explored. We also discuss the influence of the solvent on the structure properties of C20†¦N2H2 molecule. Computational Methods All calculations were carried out with the Gaussian 09 suite of program [15]. The calculations of systems contain C, and N described by the standard 6-311G(d,p) basis set [16-19]. Geometry optimization was performed utilizing with the hybrid functional of Truhlar and Zhao (M062X) [20]. A vibrational analysis was performed at each stationary point found, that confirm its identity as an energy minimum. The interaction energy, IE, can be evaluated from the difference between energy of the complex and sum of the energies of the C20 and N2H2: I.E = E(complex) – [E (C20)+ E(N2H2)] The calculated interaction energies were corrected for basis set superposition errors (BSSE), which were computed for all calculations using the counterpoise correction method of Boys and Bernardi [21]. Geometries were optimized at this level of theory without any symmetry constraints followed by the calculations of the first order hyperpolarizabilities. The total static first hyperpolarizability à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ was obtained from the following relation: upon calculating the individual static components Due to the Kleinman symmetry [22]: à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢xyy = à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ yxy = à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ yyx ; à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢yyz = à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ yzy = à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ zyy,†¦ one finally obtains the equation that has been employed: We have studied the solvation effects by using self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) approach, in particular using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) [23]. Using this method, the geometry of the studied complex was re-optimized and the hyperpolarizability was calculated by the same functionals and basis sets. Results and discussion Energetic The computed interaction energies (I.E) and the corrected interaction energies (I.E corrected) for the C20†¦N2H2 complex (Figure 1) in gas phase and various solvents have been gathered in Table 1. It can be expected interaction between C20 and N2H2 increases in the presence of more polar solvents. Figure 2 presents a good correlation between interaction energies values and dielectric constants of solvents. On the other hand, the comparison of interaction energy value in gas phase and solution phase show more interaction between C20 and N2H2 in solution phase. Thermochemical Analysis Thermochemical analysis is studied for all complexes. The values of à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾H, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G and K are reported in Table 2 in which the individual terms are referred to a temperature of 298 K. The reaction can be considered as: C20 + N2H2à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ® C20†¦N2H2 As can be verified, the à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G values increase in solution phase. The equilibrium constants of the all complexes are given in Table 2. This shows that the equilibrium constant is most vacuum phase. Dipole moments The dipole moments of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas phase and different solvents have been listed in Table 3. As seen in Table 3, C20†¦N2H2 complex has less dipole moment in gas phase. In the solution phase, dipole moments increase with increasing of polarity of the solvents. Also, these values show a good relationship with interaction energies values (Figure 3). Polarizability The isotropic and anisotropic polarizability values of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas phase and different solvents have been gathered in Table 3. As seen in Table 3, C20†¦N2H2 complex has less polarizability in gas phase. There is good correlation between isotropic polarzability values and dielectric constants of solvent (R2=0.948). Bond distances The NN and C..N bond distances of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas phase and different solvents have been collected in Table 1. As seen from Table 1, the bond lengths increase in solution phase. There is minor dependence between bond distances and dielectric constants values. The comparison NN bond distances of free N2H2 and complexed molecule show the rising of this bond in C20†¦N2H2 complex. Molecular orbital analysis The energies of the frontier orbitals (HOMO, LUMO) along with the corresponding HOMO–LUMO energy gaps for of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas phase and different solvents are given in Table 4. Inclusion of solvation effects leads also to changes on the molecular orbital energies (Table 4). In solution, HOMO and LUMO are destabilized, with respect to the corresponding values in vacuum. Also, HOMO-LUMO gap and hardness of C20†¦N2H2 complex in solution phase is more than gas phase. A good relationship between HOMO-LUMO gap and polarity of solvents (R2=0.954). The variations in this property may be illustrated by considering the fact that neutral or charged species enhance their effective radii in solution phase. This signifies that the electrostatic potential q/r will forever diminish from gas phase to solution phase. As a result, solvated species will reduce their effective hardness and subsequently become softer in the solution phase [24]. On the other hand, when the interaction between C20 and N2H2 increases, then the most hardness values have observed. There is a good linear correlation between interaction energies and hardness values (R2=0.949). Electrophilic charge transfer (ECT) of C20†¦N2H2 complex in gas and various solvents has been reported in Table 4. ECT is defined as the difference between à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Nmax values of interacting molecules: ECT = à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Nmax(N2H2) à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Nmax(C20) In this equation à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Nmax is defined as: The positive values of ECT reveal charge flow from C20 to N2H2. On the other hand, these values show the decreasing of charge transfer with increasing of solvent polarity. Hyperpolarizability It is illustrated that solvent polarity participate an important role on the first hyperpolarizabilities in dipolar molecules. The à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢tot , à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢x, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢y, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢z values of C20†¦N2H2 complex in different solvents have been listed in Table 5. These values indicate à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢tot values decrease from vacuum to solution phase (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢total=0.0 for C20). The dependence of the first hyperpolarizability of the studied compound both on the dielectric constant of the media and the Onsager function has been investigated [25]. Figure 4 is typical for a dipolar reaction field interaction in the salvation process [25-28]. Therefore, the electronic reorganization in solution for C20†¦N2H2 complex acts an important effect on the resulting first hyperpolarizabilities. Conclusion: We showed in paper: The interaction energies values increase from vacuum to different solvents. In solution, HOMO and LUMO energies, hardness and chemical potential values are increased, with respect to the corresponding values in vacuum. On the other hand, electrophilicty values have been decreased in solution phase. The largest à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢tot values have been found in more polartity, and these values increase from vacuum to different solvents. References: [1]J. C. Grossman, L. Mitas, K. Raghavachari, Phys. Rev. Lett., 750, 3870 (1995). [2]E. J. Bylaska, P. R. Taylor, R. Kawai, J. H. Weare, J. Phys. Chem. A, 100, 6966 (1996). [3]R. Taylor, E. Bylaska, J. H. Weare, R. Kawai, Chem. Phys. Lett, 235, 558 (1995). [4]Z. Wang, P. Day, R. Pachte, Chem. Phys. Lett., 248, 121 (1996). [5]M. L. M. Jan, J. El-Yazal, J. Francois, Chem. Phys. Lett. , 248, 345 (1996). [6]S. Sokolova, A. Luchow, J. B. Anderson, Chem. Phys. Lett. , 323, 229 (2000). [7]H. Prinzbach, A. Weiler, P. Landenberger, F. Wahl, J. Worth, L. T. Scott, M. D. Gelmont, D. Olevano, B. V. Issendorff, Nature, 60, 407 (2000). [8]J. Luo, L. M. Peng, Z. Q. Xue, J. L. Wu, J. Chem. Phys, 120, 7998 (2004). [9]Z. Chen, T. Heine, H. Jiao, A. Hirsch, W. Thiel, P. v. R. Schleyer, Chem. Eur. J. , 10, 963 (2004). [10]J. Taylor, H. Guo, J. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 63, 121104 (2001). [11]D. Zeng, H. Wang, B. Wang, J. G. Hou, Appl. Phys. Lett, 77, 3595 (2000). [12]C. Zhanga, W. Sun, Z. Caob, J. Chem. Physics, 126, 144306 (2007). [13]M. Z. Kassaee, F. Buazar, M. Koohi, Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 940, 19 (2010). [14]R. Ghiasi, M. Z. Fashami, J. Theo.Comput. Chem (2014). [15]M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, G. Scalman, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H. P. Hratchian, A. F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., J. E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J. J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K. N. Kudin, V. N. Staroverov, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J. C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J. M. Millam, M. Klene, J. E. Knox, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, R. L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V. G. Zakrzewski, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, O. Farkas, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, D. J. Fox, Revision A.02 ed., Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2009. [16]R. Krishnan, J. S. Binkley, R. Seeger, J. A. Pople, J. Chem. Phys. , 72, 650 (1980). [17]A. J. H. Wachters, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 1033 (1970). [18]P. J. Hay, J. Chem. Phys. , 66, 4377 (1977). [19]A. D. McLean, G. S. Chandler, J. Chem. Phys., 72, 5639 (1980). [20]Y. Zhao, D. G. Truhla, J. Phys. Chem, 110, 5121 (2006). [21]S. F. Boys, F. Bernardi, Mol. Phys., 19, 553 (1970). [22]D. A. Keleiman, Phy. Rev., 126, 1977 (1962). [23]J. Tomasi, B. Mennucci, R. Cammi, Chem. Rev., 105, 2999- (2005). [24]R. Pearson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 108, 6109 (1986). [25]L. Onsager, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58, 1486 (1936). [26]K. Clays, A. Persoons, Phys. Rev. Lett. , 66, 2980 (1991). [27]H. Lee, S.-Y. An, M. Cho, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 4992 (1999). [28]P. C. Ray, J. Leszczynski, Chem. Phys. Lett., 399, 162 (2004). 1

Effect of violence seen on Television Essay -- essays research papers

The Effects of Violence Seen on Television   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One Saturday morning when I was five years old, I was watching an episode of the Roadrunner on television. As Wile Coyote was pushed off a cliff by the roadrunner for the fourth or fifth time, I started laughing uncontrollably. I then watched a Bugs Bunny show and started laughing whenever I saw Elmer Fudd shoot Daffy Duck and his bill went twirling around his head. The next day, I pushed my brother off a cliff and shot my dog to see ifs its head would twirl around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obviously, the last sentence is not true. The example above is an exaggeration of the effects of violence on television can have on children. To a five-year-old child, Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny are the pinnacle of â€Å"cool,† and they see nothing wrong with the violent stunts seen on television. The average child watches about two and half hours of television a day and witnesses twenty violent acts on those television shows each hour. In most actions movies, there is always a bad guy and a good guy. From observation of children, most children would prefer to be the bad guy because â€Å"the bad guy gets to the cool stuff,† as one child told me whom I was babysitting when I asked him why he wanted to be the evil monster in Power Rangers Dinothunder movie. What kinds of problems is this causing for our youth?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children often behave differently after they have watched violent programs on tel...

Case Studies Homework Essay

Sally is suffering from a debilitating illness which will eventually rob of her speech and mobility. She has requested that the hospital staff do not resuscitate her if she has a heart attack. This is a limitation on use of restrictions on rights because Sally does not want the right to life anymore if it means that she cannot speak and move without help. A pregnant single woman wants to abort her baby. However, the natural father wants her to keep the child. This freedom of expression as the woman has the rights to her own body and she can say what she wants and decide what she wants to happen to the baby as it is her body. An atheist teacher at a Roman Catholic school feels he has been prevented from gaining promotion due to his religious beliefs. This is a prohibition of discrimination because he should be treat professionally and not any different because of his religious beliefs. An asylum seeker is being threatened with expulsion from the United Kingdom. He is frightened to return to his home country because of threats of detainment or even death. He expressed political views against the government; he knows he won’t get a fair trial. This is against the right to life as his life could be taken away by others. It is also against the prohibition of torture because he could be tortured by others in his home country. Also, it is against the right to a fair trial and no punishment without law because he would not be given a fair trial in his country and be punished without breaking the law.

Film and Shakespeare essays

Film and Shakespeare essays Film and Shakespeare Much Ado About Nothing There is more to Shakespeare comedy than meets the eye. Discuss how well you think the comedy Much Ado about Nothing translates from text to screen. Over the years Shakespeare has ventured many different stories in order to perform them in view of a live audience. One of his many wonderful plays which appeared to be successful would be Much ado about nothing, a romantic comedy which was written about 1598/99. In the majority of Shakespeares comedys, he would take a serious issue and simply laugh at it. It would appear to be a simple misunderstanding rather than an issue to the audience, therefore they would be content in their viewing. The pattern of Shakespeare comedys appeared to be of one action triggering a sequence of events and almost misleading the story in another direction. It was a genre, which needed full interpretation of its meaning and therefore meanings were repeated through the play in order to keep the audience in understanding. Characters within the plays were often presented in a way in which society would accept, however gradually throughout the play it was Shakespeares routine to let theyre masks slip just to catch a glimpse of what lay ahead. The standard routine for Shakespeare would always be a performance on stage during daytime hours, this regime is continued throughout the world to this day (extending there viewing until night). Theatres perform many live productions capturing the ambience of a performance which only people present at that time can see and will never again be repeated. Therefore an obvious task lay ahead for Kenneth Branagh when he decided to take the text Much ado about nothing and take it to the screen. Kenneth Branaghs film released in 1993, exploiting any previous visual possibilities. The play was set in Messina with panoramic ...